TPR starts with the “silent phase.” Here, the job of your students is to listen (and understand) what the command is and respond accordingly. They started off all silent, their innocent eyes listening and observing when adults say, “Get the ball, Robbie! C’mon, get the ball. And if you observe very carefully, babies don’t start off saying “Ball! Ball!” while pointing to their toy. TPR applies the learning processes of first language acquisition into teaching adults a second language. The Philosophies Behind Total Physical Response Listening Comes Before Production Of course, TPR should not be used in isolation, but as one of many teaching tools in a language teacher’s bag. Krashen, it has also bequeathed a lot to approaches like TPRS (teaching proficiency through reading and storytelling). Just as TPR borrowed plenty of techniques and insights from psychologists and linguists like Dr.
With TPR, not only do you have an approach that engages the energies of your students, you have a tool that creates memorable meaning through movement. There’s something about the pairing of movement and language that’s so innate that children-without the help of textbooks-easily acquire language. By virtue of seeing you sit down, or experiencing the act themselves, your students will easily associate sitting down with siéntense. It’s been proven effective for teaching beginners of foreign languages. For example, you could teach “¡Siéntense!” (sit down) in a Spanish class by repeatedly sitting down and saying “Siéntense.” You can ask the class to join you in sitting down, even making a game out of it, or commenting on the manner that some students sit. Comprehension was the first step to language acquisition, not word production.Īsher adopted this practice and the simple listen and respond technique now sits at the heart of TPR. The child didn’t need to be able to say the words, only to listen and understand. The child would look to the parents for instructions, and then perform the movements required. So he decided to create a method of teaching second language that mimics the process children use when picking up their first.Īsher saw that children’s early language repertoire consisted mainly of listening to adults telling them what to do: “Pick up the ball.” “Sit down.” “Open your mouth.” “Look at me.” The professor still had another observation: While adults were dropping like flies in their second language courses, children were easily acquiring first languages like sponges on a wet countertop! He thought this could be due to flawed and ineffective methods used in the programs. Total physical response is an approach to teaching second language that was developed in the 1970s by James Asher, professor of Psychology at the San Jose State University in California.Īsher observed that traditional second language programs had a dropout rate of almost 95%. (Download) What Is Total Physical Response?
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Let’s find out more about TPR, and then I’ll show you five engaging TPR activities to use in your own classroom. Instead of asking your students to be quiet and sit still, you’ll be requiring them to stand up, move around the classroom and get physical! TPR will change how you see language acquisition. Sounds like you’re looking for a language teaching approach called total physical response or TPR for short. Want a teaching technique that’ll make your students jump for joy, dance with delight and finish off with high fives? Janu5 Total Physical Response (TPR) Activities That Every Language Teacher Should Know
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